Crushers



Feb. 4, 1964 c. KACHELMANN 3,120,354

CRUSHERS Filed May 14. 1962 //P/awr Z ZZ PQ/@424W BY MVM ATTORNEYSUnited States Patent Ofi ice 3,120,354 Patented Feb. 4, 1964 3,120,354CRUSHERS Charles Kachelmann, Fontainebleau, France, assignor toPreparation Industrielle des Combustibles, a French concern Filed May14, 1962, Ser. No. 194,537 1 Claim. (Cl. 241--243) This inventionrelates to crushing devices and has more particular reference toCrushers of the type having a toothed rotor and a concave anvil plateused to obtain accurate sizing of the crushed product.

When it is desired to obtain in a crusher an accurate sizing of thecrushed product, especially in the case of fine mesh crushing, it isnecessary to use Crushers whose toothed cylinder is fitted withidentical teeth following a regular checkered arrangement; the sizingvolume limited by the space between adjoining teeth is, therefore,constant, which enables one to obtain the desired accurate sizing.

However, such units have the disadvantage of possessing a low crushingratio. In fact, the seizing volume of such a crusher is in directrelation to the sizing volume, since to be seized, the lumps must beable to fall into the space existing between adjoining teeth, so thatlumps having a volume double the sizing volume, or a larger volume, areno longer seized by the teeth, the teeth, instead, acting on the lumpsas a rasp and obstruct the crushing chamber, which gives a very lowoutput from the crusher and makes it subject to blockage.

In some instances, to increase the output and crushing of a crusher, thetoothed cylinder of the crusher is fitted with a few teeth substantiallylarger than the others. These larger teeth are located throughoutapproximately the whole length of the cylinder, one or several beingplaced on the circumference of a given section. These teeth can,obviously, seize larger lumps which would not be seized by the otherteeth. However, this type arrangement presents the drawback of producingmisplaced products higher than the crushing mesh, owing to thesimultaneous presence of large and small teeth. Indeed, some slotscorresponding to the large teeth must be made in the concave plate ofthe crusher, through which slots some oversized products engaged in thefree space existing be hind a large tooth fall between the passage oftwo large successive teeth when the toothed cylinder includes two ormore for a given circumference or between two successive passages of atooth when the toothed cylinder only has one for a given circumference.

One object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improvedcrusher in which the above pointed out drawbacks are remedied,permitting an increase of the output as well as the crushing ratio ofthe crusher, while insuring an accurate sizing of the crushed products.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel andimproved crusher, as characterized above, in which the cylinder of therotor is provided with longitudinally spaced peripheral rings, eachcarrying circumferentially spaced teeth, and with the surface of thecylinder carrying circumferential rows of teeth, with all of the teethbeing of substantially the same size and arranged in a quincuncialpattern.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear in thefollowing specication when considered in connection with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. l is a diagrammatic transverse section of a prio-r art standardfine mesh crusher;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial sectional View, taken on the line 2 2 ofFIG. l;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial plan view of the teeth on the toothedcylinder of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, but showing a fine meshcrusher constructed in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial sectional view taken on the line 5 5 ofFIG. 4; and

FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial plan View of the teeth on the toothedcylinder of FIG. 4.

The present invention provides a novel and improved crusher having teethso constructed and arranged as to increase the output of the crusher.

Referring now to the drawings, there is shown, in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, aprior art standard fine mesh crusher. The apparatus there shown includesa cylinder 1), the diameter of which is constant throughout the wholewidth of the crusher, teeth 11 substantially identical in size and shapeand arranged in a quincuncial pattern (see FIG. 3) throughout the wholesurface of the cylinder, and a concave plate 12 having a plane surfacedevoid of slots.

In Crushers of this type, the exact sizing of the product being treatedis obtained by the regular arrangement of identical teeth and theconstant distance between the edge of the concave plate and the cylinder10 of the rotor.

The disadvantage of this type of crusher is shown in FIG. 1. A lump 13 sshown which, owing to its dimensions, cannot be seized by the rotorsteeth 11. The teeth which engage the lump act as a rasp, thusobstructing the crushing chamber and risking a blockage.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, there is illustrated a crusher constructed inaccordance with the present invention, which overcomes the aboveillustrated defect. As there shown, the rotor includes a cylinder 14provided with longitudinally spaced raised peripheral rings 15 with therings carrying peripherally spaced teeth 16 and the walls between theraised rings carrying peripherally spaced teeth 17 and a concave plate1S. The thickness of the rings 15 does not exceed the height of a tooth.The teeth 16 and 17 are generally identical in shape except that theteeth 16 on the raised rings have a smaller diameter.

The concave plate 18 is provided with laterally spaced slots 19 for thepassage of the raised teeth 16, but due to the rings 15 the distancebetween the edge of the concave plate 18 and the cylinder 14 isconstant. The accurate sizing of the discharged product is obtained bythis constant distance and by the regular arrangement of all the teeth,whether raised teeth 16 or unraised teeth 17.

In FIG. 6, it can be seen that in relation to the mesh formed by thearrangement of the teeth, is a second superposed larger mesh formed bythe raised teeth. Owing to this arrangement, the crusher, while insuringthe same sizing of the product discharged from the crusher as does thecrusher shown in FIGS. l, 2 and 3, may seize larger lumps, as shown inFIGS. 4 and 6, where the lump 24B represents a lump of the same size asthe lump 13 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The lump 20, while resting on teeth17, is placed in the trajectory of the raised teeth 16 and will,therefore, be seized by them, while the lump 13, of the same size, Wasnot taken by the apparatus of FIG. l.

From the foregoing, it readily will be seen that there has been provideda novel and improved crusher having teeth so constructed and arranged asto increase the output as well as the crushing ratio of the crusher,while insuring an accurate sizing of the crushed product.

Obviously, the invention is not restricted to the particular embodimentthereof herein shown and described.

What is claimed is:

In a crusher of the character described, a rotor comprising a cylinderhaving a first plurality of teeth mounted on and projecting outwardlyfrom the cylinder surface, a circumferential ring mounted on andprojecting outwardly from the cylinder surface and positioned betweensome of said teeth, the radii from the rotor center to the tip end ofsaid first plurality of teeth and to the outer surface of 3 4 said ringbeing substantially equal, a second plurality of ential distance betweenthe teeth on the cylinder and the teeth mounted on the outer surface ofthe ring, said second bases of the teeth in a circumerential row lyingin the plurality of teeth being substantially equal in height to thesame plane as the bases of the teeth in an adjacent row. rst pluralityof teeth, and a cooperating anvil plate adjacent said rotor, said platehaving a slot therein aligned 5 References Cited in the le of thispatent with the rotor circumferential ring, the depth of said slotUNITED STATES PATENTS being substantially equal to the height of thesecond plurality of teeth, whereby the distance between the face of1287571 Cowan et al DCC' 10 191g thc anvil plate in relation to the tipends of both pluralillgo'n' 163 ties 0f teeth is constant, theencumferential distance be 10 2,964,249 Knight u Dec. 13 1960 tween theteeth on the ring being equal to the circumfer-

